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COO018219 a -A . - . '.-" 8 . . ! . -... - .. and confronted existing institutions and practices. They dcmanded chinge. Their demands,.pricked the conscience of America and led to far reaching civil rights legislation. ance to black activism. Integrationist movement, and the old coalition of integrationist lead- leaders who believ'e that the Integrationist movement is the most reasonable and least dangerous lo& of black activism. Some of those leader8 are attempting to revive the tactic of massive denrand while broadening their base of appeal on such issues as poverty and unem- ployment. e? By the latter 1960's the move- ment had lost its thrust, and urban riots produced a growing resist- - Society was no longer responsive to the c ' ers and groups began tn break apart. There are still prominent black . ..f. The Nationalists offer the ideology of separatism. not believe that intcpration can ever achieve frill equality for black pcople, and thus advocate withdrawal from the niainstreanr of society and the establishment of a parallel and self-sufficient black society independent of "white patronage. " They seek self determination argu- They do G-i. ing that only black people can deal wit% black problems. They concentrate . -d on black capitalism where produce from black-owned farnrs will be - hauled to black communities by black-owned-transportation systems. According to a nationally recognized authority on black nationalists and revolutionary movemcnl s, black nationalism has emerged since 1970 "spectacularly to displace both the integrationist gnd revolutionary movements in the black community. " The more than 70 Muslim sects nationalist in philosophy. an intense m i s t r u s t and hatred toward white people. In many respects the growing influence of the nationalist moveincnt tcnds to cndorse the warnings of the National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders that the United States i s moving toward two separate societies. in the United States - including the Black Muslims - arc considered k: .. Most nationalists can be characterized by - Like the Nationalists, the Revolutionaries also scc no hope But unlike for black peoplc to achieve equality through integration. Llre Nationalists, thc RcvalriLionarics belicvc that cqual ity and jtlsticc! can only be achieved by destrayinggovernnicnt as it exists today (or prompting it to dcstroy itsclf) and replacing it with a systciii that in s r i re s equal it y . -. . I 1