◆ SpookStack

. ® ® Z (SECRET.NOFORN,X 1) (LES) Annex A: Ramzi Yousef’s and the 11 September Hijackers’ Operational Tradecraft (LES) There are some similarities between the 1993 World Trade Center (WTC) bombers led by Ramzi Yousef and the 11 September hijackers, but there also are key differences that make it difficult to establish a single pattern that sleeper cells in the US likely would follow. (LES) Key operational characteristics common to the 1993 and 2001 plotters include: _ * Some of the conspirators from both plots arrived in the US at least six months prior to the ' attacks—in some cases, more than a year—and members focused their time and energy in preparing for the attacks. ' * Some members of each plot used shared bank accounts. * The key leaders of both. plots—Yousef and the 11 September pilots—shared a variety of personal characteristics. They had broad exposure to. the West—Yousef and three of the four pilots studied in Westem Europe and had technical backgrounds——spoke workable English, were in their 20s or early 30s, and hailed from affluent families. (LES) Key operational differences include: * Yousef and co-conspirator Mohammed Ajaj traveled together from Pakistan and used false names and documénts to enter to the US, while all 19 hijackers used their true names, legitimate passports, and secured visas to enter the country. Yousef used at least four passports and three different names to enter, operate, and exit the US, while the hijackers acquired legitimate forms of identification, such as driver’s licenses and state identification cards in their true name. Yousef relied on a local network of childhood friends and individuals introduced ta him by others after his arrival in the US to carry out his attack. Most had no significant training and indoctrination, and one conspirator was brought into the plot two weeks before. the attack. Conversely, the hijackers relied mainly on experienced, well-trained manpower from abroad and did not bring unknown individuals into their plot after arriving in the US. ca The 1993 conspirators frequently made overseas phone calls from their residences, while the hijackers relied on prepaid cell phones, calling cards, and Internet cafes. to communicate abroad. Yousef had a personal computer, but the hijackers are not known. to have owned laptop or desktop computers or any electronic data storage media. REQ. #36-1 (SPgRETNOFORN.X b 900000031