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sega for the individual who cannot accept compulsory service of any kind under the state. Something of a ee elt _ em trusses! tha eancerian ihe spirit of British liberalism toward the conscien- tious objector appears in the Afanchestcr Guardian of August 23, 1940 (page 118), published in Lon- don in the midst of the life and death struggle going on there. ; ~ “The Archbishop of York (Dr. Temple) writes in the York Diocesan Ieafict: Several public hodies have lately passed resolutions terminating the emp'oyment of arty persons working for them who have pleaded conscientious objection to mili- tary service. I regard this as utterly deplorable and in the decpest sense unpatriotic. We are fighting for freedom, including freedom of conscience as its most vital and sensi- tive element. The State has recognized the reality of conscientious objection to muli- tary tervice, and it is part of our glory “phar it does this. There is excellent reason for saying that if a man is called up and refuses to serve he shall be put at once in the same finan- cial position as if he were serving in the forces. He ought nul to gain financially by his refusal to serve. But to deprive him of employmert is to frustrate the action of the State and destroy our most effective witness to our own cause.” Under the Selective Service Training Act signed by the President of the United States on September 16, 1940, provision has been made for the conscicn- The existence of American citizens who canr participate in any form of war is recognized by t Calantse i ins Selective Seryiee Training Act. A wide-spre understanding of why such individuals exist anc knowledge of their background is esscntial to t successful carrying out of this legislation. Far back through the centuries there have be those who have found themselves unable to ta the lives of their fellow men either in order to fc ward their own advantage or at the command any external authority. Prominent among th motives have been religious concepts, based on awareness of God and an acceptance of the broth: hood of man. To Christians, Jestis Christ has terpreted a way of life based on love of God a man, and the idea of overcoming evil with go In the light of his awareness of God and his hi sense of loyalty to Jesus, the Christian paci: forms a judgment as to whether war is a proj and effective instrument for man to use in gain his ends. His judgment is that itis not. This jus ment is shared by tnost of mankind up to the u when, gripped by fear or hatred or greed, they c brace the war method, The pacifist maintains th beliefs even in the face of war, threatencd agr sion or other evils. Nor is the pacifist unwilling to pay for his c victions. Although in the past they have been c: demned to prison and some to death, like the Ie line of religious martyrs, they have willingly dured punishment for their deep belici.* TI *Tn the United States, during the last World Was. WF condemned to death. 142 to bfe imprisonment and many of to terms from § to 25 years. These sentences were all conimi after the war, '