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6. Renouncing honors There can be some symbolic impact when cam- Paigners renounce honors given them in the past. For example, Negro veterans might send back medals of honor; a Negro "Woman of the Year" might refuse tha award from an institution which is part of the power Strueture Negro students might send back their American Legion School Awards. 7 Some of the techniques which come under the heading of demonstrations may become civil disobe- dience if the city declares them illegal. Injunctions may be issued by courts forbidding marches or picket- ing. Where the Constitution is in operation, however, these methods do not usually involve breaking the law, Non-cooperation This general category involves methods of direct action jn which the campaigners withdraw their usual degree of cooperation with the opponent. The methods _ be iegai or iliegal, depending on local laws. }, Strike The strike is one of the best known of all forms of direct action. It has not, however, been used very much in the civil rights Struggle. It would be most potent in those areas where Negroes form a very large part of the population or of some economic concern which is important to the area. A form of the strike 68 which might be experimented with is the “token gtrike. Tr a token atrike all those sympathelic to lhe Cause xu a @& Pree ee ose ' off the job for a brief time -- perhaps one day 20 | few hours. This is a way of showing solidarity and seriousness. 2. Hartal . ; The Indians under Gandhi developed this exten sively, but it was also used in Budapest at the beginning of the 1956 Hungarian Revolution. A Hartal involves . staying at home for a full day or more, leaving the stree . - a a c and places of amusement empty. In addition to reducing the chances of "incidents," the stay-at-home may Serve to demonstrate to the opponent the degree of unity and i hich self-discipline among the people. In a campaign wh} es the religious asnects, the day can be seen as atresses the Po eh a time for meditation and purification. ' Boycott . cae ne Momtgomery bus boycott on the " gonsumme rs' boycott has played an important roie in the Civil ee tion struggle. This method has roots in the American Ke and even farther back in history, and has been used al} ov the world. Its effectiveness depends on how much the producer requires the campaigners’ patronage for his survival. Advantages of the boycott include: (a) it minimizes . + a . : i violence, (b) it promotes solidarity and sharing, (c) i 65 el | S maeetiidiahlnilitiee nan