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instit ; was approximately 1 to 12.6, while in the United States it is ut 1 to i4. Although there were only 27,000 gr = «te students enrolled in the Soviet Union in 1952 (as compa. - to 69,000 master’s and doctor’s degrees alone awarded in the United States that year}, the Soviet Union in 1984 graduated twice as many engineers as the United States and three times as many physicians. More than 60 per cent of all Soviet graduates that year were in engineering and the sciences, as compared to 25 per cent in the United States. By 1950 the Soviet Union had about 100 persons with a higher education for every 10,000 popu- lation, which is a slightly higher proportion than that of most Western European couniries but is far below the United States figure of 320 per 16,000 population. The number of Soviet citi- zens with higher education working in the applied scientific fields, however, is believed to equal or slightly surpass the num- ber in the United States. Up to 1940 alt Soviet education was tuition-free and a broad scholarship program prov ided ali students except those on pro- bation with a monthiy stipend for expenses. In 1940 moderate tuition fees of 150 to 200 rubles were introduced into the three upper grades of middle school, and fees of 300 te 500 rubles in all institutions of higher education. These tuition fees still exist in higher education, but almost all students (more than 96 per nant at tha Fletesacurte: at KY, ” . ; cent at the University of Moseew, for example) receive scholar- ships, which are awarded on the basis of grades. Science Education Advanced From what has already been said it is no doubt clear that the Soviet educational system is impressive and deserves to be eonsidered one of the most notable achievernents of the Soviet regime. Its level of scientific and technical work in general appears to be comparable to that of the United States.* On the other hand, much less attention is devoted to the humanities and social sciences in Soviet education than in American education, and Soviet work in these areas is much more seriously affected than Soviet science by the Procrustean hod of Marvist-Leninist dogma. If Soviet scholarship i is ever freed from the dead weight of Marxist scholasticism and political censorship, the subsequent achievements in the humanities and social sciences may well be *On January 2, 1956, The New York Times cited an article in the Scientific American showing that the United States had last five years in , time and spent $200,000 unnecessarily in an effort to solve a number of problems in the area of electrical circuits which had already been solved in the Soviet Union and described in a Soviet scientific magazine in 1950. ot *