◆ SpookStack

Philby had traveled in Contest and Eastern Europe ring university vacations and afier graduation dass he went for an extended stay to Germanygand Austria. It was here then, in the early das the Nazi ter- ror, that: Philby’s resolve was hardenaa. He became a determined Communist, and he was recruited es an Soent agent. A few months after he left Cambridge, Philby was giv- en his lifetime task--to pen- etrate British intelligence. Every piece of objective evi- dence available points to this period in late 1933, and is corroborated by the accounts Philby has given to his chil- dren who have visited him in Moscow since his defec- tion from Beirut in 1963. On Feb. 23, 1934, Philhy married an Austrian Jewish girl, Alice Friedmann, in Vienna. She was an avowed Communist, and now liveg in ast Berlin with her third usband, Philby and Alice relurned th London, where he becalne an assistant editor on a dying liberal magazine. But Philby was to spend the next five years carefully obscur- ing his left-wing past be- neath a right-wing carmou- flage, Obviously an excellent way to insulate oneself against charges of commu- nism was to condone Hitler’s Nazi regime, which both Philby and Burgess did by joining the Anglo-German Fellowship. Philby managed ta have his picture taken at al Swastika-decked ;dinner.. . . This was in 1936, just before “: , _ thq outbreak of: the Spanish + ' Ci#il War, which gave Phil- | by another opportunity to . establish his public politi al position. Philby went to Spain} In \- February, reporting as a free-la e@.. writer from the Franco side. r - Recently in Moscow, Phil- | by told his son John. “I _ wouldn't have lasted a week | in Spain with gut behaving ; nae ee Ba Cee + BQ tr eee 1937, and began | - ‘he was ‘rather conspicuously eying vith a girl, 4hs~time | ady argaret Yanae-Tem.'! .pestStewarh 2 6-5) a dt eee Cc - like a .ascist." He behaved SQ_svetr—in fact, that Gen-. eral Franco awarded him the Red Cross ef—-Hhtttary | Merit. The First Glimmers When the civil war ended, Philby had completed two Years as an undercover Cammunist in Franeo’s camp. Bul was he already spying on the British? There are two bits of evidence. One is that an officer hamed Pedro Giro recalls that in a cafe in Salamanca a German agent passed a note to him with a warning against two men then in the cafe. According to the Ger- man, these men were Brit- ish agents. Twice sibse- quently, Giro saw Philby locked in conversation with the same two men. [ Another point was noticed by Sam Pope Brewer, a New [York Times correspondent whose wife, Eleanor, Pyil- by was to acquire 20 yeirs later in Beirut) At press conferences, Kim was al- ways the last questiofier and the man who wanted to know just which regiment had made just which move. Perhaps at this point Phil- by, anxious to ingratiate himself with British intelli- fence men, was collecting | and passing on any tidbits he could get, Zany Correspondent When the British expedi- tionary force left for France to fight the Germans, Kim Philby went with them as the London Times’ No. 1 war correspondent. His colleague, Bob Cooper, thought Philby & wild, slightly drunken and rather brutal youbg icted to a curious br [ ‘gkme which involved bust- ings people's knuckles, Also, as in Spain, where he had acquired a Royalist mistress, Other colleagues still "saw him as slightly profas- cist.' He wore the Franco’; decoration on his uniform.- 4 iy The disaster of . Dunkirk n June, 1940, brought Bhi ‘by back ta London. At last: a ditions Were,’ “ready’ -for;t ey Bical, | ag i reform i PCA IIe. an, Kim, it seems, was 4d- : his crucial penetration of Brith intelligence. Trlese comditions were no- _ whege better than at the house where young intelli- gence officers set up resi- dence. Among them were Guy Burgess and a number of homosexuals, heavy drinkers and hangéerson of varying types. Philby was immediately taken into the department for sabotage, subversion and propaganda, His particular job was lecturing on propa- ganda leaflet technique. Philby was later transfered to a unit training for un- armed combat behind en- emy lines, but his stammer and, the fact that his work in {Spain had made him knéwn to a great many Gegman military people made it seem suicidal to send him into occupied Europe. ' So in the summer of 1941 Philby was recruited for work in the Secret Intelli- gence Service, This agency, better known as MI, cerned with espionage and ecounter-espionage in foreign eountries. (M1-5, the home unit of the mythical James Bond, concerns itself with counter-espionage in Britain and the colonies). Both agen- cies had suffered a severe eontraction since the palmy days of World War I. ML6 had escaped any basic s. During the 30s it wes and is con- had done its recruiting, in ithe tradition of the Great . a ‘Game of the establishment, . from the British police force © 7 in Indja and partly among . rich, ypper-class young men — ' ‘trom ondon’s financial dis-~ i trict. _ It was these men, often wn known as “the stockbro who gave the Servicef its connection with te’s Club, one of Londpn’s gnoat exclusive men’s clubs, notorious liaisok stands at the center of any picture of the wartime secret service. And it epitomizes the rougish, dilettante quality of + s MILLS, of which the rest of Whitenall, and especially the embroyonic professionals of ML5, were to become in- creasingly contemptuous over the next decade. Most of the top brass be- longed there, including Sir Steward Menzies, the MI-6 chief until 1951 and the model for Ian Fleming's fic- The etiquette of the time i aa “ tional security chief “M- was to leave Menzie alone with his personal assistant when they were together, since it was understood that they were “running the secret service or something.” White’s provided, too, a fertile source for emergency wartime recruits, on the basic English principle that if you could not trust your elub, who could you trist? As for Menzies himgelf, one former subordinate} re- calls: “He was terrifying to work with because he acted entirely on instinct. He rarely read a single case right through, yet he often ~ came in with the answer.” _ Counter-Espionage Kim Philpy ‘became part . of Section Five of MI6 ~ which was responsible. for... ‘ counter-espionage, | or more‘?: ‘ exactly, spying on the Ger. te _Taan spies, Through ~ per- sonal contact supplied ‘his old colleague Guy Bur- : gess, Philby became: hegd . “, of the Iberian subsectiog. -: Philby Just: did not have .