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- ond iy RET OEE EIRENE ee anna AT ORVIL BE, DALYOUS, Pubbaher regi-4is ; The U. N. Nuclear Debate By 1980 peaceful nuclear reactors around the globe will ba producing enough by-product plutonium for 15,000 atomic weapons annually. Making such weap. ons will be a possibility for almost a score of coun- tries, some of them deadly rivals of others. It is to , head off this ‘nightmare prospect that the resumed 1 session of the UgN. General Assembly, which begins today, will be asked to endorse the joint Soviet~ - American draft Suclear nonproliferation treaty, The complexities of this document and the long arguments OVer its details at the seventeen-nation Geneva disarmament conference have tended to claud the mutual interest of present nuclear and nonnuclear countries in halting the nuclear weapons spread. There has been a great deal of loose talk about dividing the world permanently into two classes of nations and maintaining the “hegemony” of the two superpowers. But what is at stake Is the survival of civilization, something of equal interest to nuclear - and nonnuclear-nations alike. | | Seven years heve passed since the Irish resolution proposing a nonproliferation pact was adopted unani- mously by the General Assembly. Three years of inten- sive Soviet-American negotiation have been required to complete the present draft. The views of the rest of the world, as presented by the representative group of fifteen other nations at Geneva, were considered exhaustively and the General Assembly debate, while vital to the demo- cratic process, is unlikely to bring up anything new. . It is obviously impossible to negotiate a treaty—or even to substantially revise it—in a ]24-nation body, The essential question that faces the world organi- : zation, thus, is whether -to seize..the moment-and—~ assure conclusion of the pact or to delay, continue the debate over detail and risk loss of the mast important East-West agreement since World War IL For that indeed is the danger that lies behind the move by some African countries to postpone a vote until the Geneva meeting next August of the world's nonnuclear countries. at , * * . There are several countries, presensiy or soon-to-be nuclear capable, which have substantive reservations about the treaty and undoubtedly will delay in signing. | Brazil remains concerned about being able to benefit | from peaceful nuclear explosions, despite pledges of the nuclear powers to provide equal access to such services at low cost, when available. India remains concerned about the threat from Communist China, despite the nuclear guarantee through the Security Council offered by the United States, Britain and the Soviet Union. Rumania, eut te show its independence, — has raised numeroys questions. Other " muclear-capable countries which have had veservations in the past, such as West Germany, Italy, Japan, Israel and Egypt, have had most of their Jconcems satisfied, yet can hardly be cailed enthusi- stic about the pact. They are unlikely to vote against ‘St, however, or even to delay unduly in signing—unless M@he current African move to delay the whole process ains omentum. - > a result the three or four weeks of debate’ ‘has not altered, even if he has sometimes muted, his HARDIN’ F. BANCROFT, Paccutn ¢ President RANCIB A. COX, Vice Pr cent ANDREW FISHER, Vico P: idant IVAN VEIT, Vice President . TURNER CATLEDGE, Executive Editor JOHN B, OAKES, Editorial Page Editer ‘ . LESTER MARKEL, Asaociate Editor JAMES RESTON, Associate Editer which he has defended with characteristic zeal but which he has actually influenced only in marginal ways. His latest speech suggests that Mr. Humphrey essentially progressive and humane philosophy. Canadian Election Pierre Elliott Trudeau has called a general election in Canada June 25 for the reason Prime Ministers usually make such decisions in a parliamentary sys- tem: He believes his Liberal party can win it. This could not have been an easy decision for Mr. Trudeau to announce only three days after taking ~ office and barely two weeks after his election as Liberal party leader. In his first press conference as Jeader April 7 he saw “no need for an early general election.” Some experienced members of his Cabinet—dubbed the “chickens” by Ottawa journalists—argued against a June election on grounds beth of principle and of expediency. They warmed that opposition parties would charge Mr. Trudeau with opportunism—trying to ride to a House of Commons majority on an evident tide of popularity and the waves of publicity that accompanied his rise ta the leadership. They said it would be better politics, too, for him to be seen acting as Prime Minister in Parliament and throughout the country for several! months before calling an election in the autumn. In the end the Liberal “foxes,” led by Mr. Trudeau’s Ia ehan 25 1 long-time Quebec associate, Manpower Minister Marchand; won the day with their argument for maintaining the momentum built up by the leadership victory, and gang straight into a June election. Mr. Trudeau at 48 won the Liberal leadership above all because, even more than younger rivals, he had come in a short time to syrhbolize the desire for substantial change in Canada. He rocketed to the top as Lester B. Pearson's successor in large part because he was new to the Liberal party and emphatically not a fixture of the Ottawa governing establishment. Taan wfan Robert Stanfield, leader of the Progressive-Con- servative opposition, is certainly no mossback but the image he projects is that of orthodox, safe, respectable conservatism. He has made hte impact in the House of Commons. The election, then, should provide a clear- cut test between the forces of traditionalism and the forces of change in Canada. *!: | ep. Urban Aid for New Jersey Gov. Richard:J. Hughes has shown courage in pro- posing a special $125-million urban aid program to a politically hostile Legislature in New Jersey. His pro- gram inditates far more understanding of the realities of the situation, as shown by the report of the corm- mission that investigated the Newark riots, than che Republican alternative. Thus the Governor wants to carry out the commis- .slon’s recommendation that the state take over Now-" ark’s public school system, which it found on the verge of collapse. The Republicans, instead, propose a GAPLAT yoo of ther are L a can't ever md: cabbies in Bost: ing some ¥icin. Bobby's policie and this is fh paign for the worrying his t At the sam & strong and e following of n who believe pa convictions, V are half-heartee sonally or Indi views. He seen deepest loyalty anxiety, and t problem for ac for the reconci vided nation. It is very diff the size of thes ferent groups very easy 1d strength of the néedys have started their cz midst of savag overcome their end. John F. Ker popular with ft By C. LSU PARIS — Tai! art of statesma see the inevitat dite its occur precisely what Heves with res; His Canadian ranks very hig] Gaullist diplom obviously based tion that the people of Quek and intend to rule of Ottawa ernment, There is no ¢ tion of the gent the situation in policy based o What might o garded as a ter -—dispatch by | vineial Govern Ottawa Nationa a mninister to é national confer: speaking countr fore assumes it cance. ° A Matter of F The Canadian! peen placed upc of cleft stuck Gaulle likes to: tims. Last Janu similar educatir of Francophone and Quehec—ar invited to atten Issue of ‘hi in Dra To the Editor: On April 18 ported that Dr.B attorney had r ‘missal of the inc his client on t many of the ac: indictment wer