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Criminal Profiling — Part 4
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JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 7 September 1986
assailant, the or ganized offenders had 67 victims and the disorganized
had 16. OF the 16 vict-ms of the disorganized offenders, 10 used
nonforceful resistance: acquiescence Or verbal resistance) and were
killed. With the orgaiized offender, 45 out of 67 victims used non-
forceful resistance and died as well. In total, 55 out of 83 victims used
nonforceful resistance. The data suggest that nonforceful resistance
was not a deterrent with either of these offender types.
The interpretation of what is considered forceful resistance is
important to clarify. We identified screaming and fleeing as physical
(forceful) reactions because offenders specifically cited those victim
responses as the reason for their use of increased aggression. Witha
majority of the offenders interviewed, both physical and verbal
(or forceful and nonforceful) resistance played a part in triggering a
reaction by the offenders.
Analmost equal number of victims in our sample were said to have
resisted physically (25) as were said to have made no attempt at
resistance (23). Both types of victim actions resulted in death.
The FBI agents interviewed the murderers about deterrence to kill.
This information was analyzed in terms of the organized/ disorganized
dichotomy. Organized murderers, who had a conscious intent based
on motive to kill, said that factors such as witnesses and location did
not matter because the murder fantasy was SO well rehearsed that
everything was controlled (‘I always killed in my home, and there
were no witnesses”). Or as one murderer said, “The victim did not
have a choice. Killing was part of my fantasy.” Also, the organized
murderer with the detailed fantasy to kill either believed that he
would never be caught or that he would have to be killed to be
stopped. On the other hand, disorganized offenders, who were not
consciously aware of their intent to kill, were able to identify factors
that might deter their killing. They stated such deterrence factors as
being ina populated location, having witnesses in the area, or COOp-
eration from the victim.
Surviving Victims
The surviving victims of murderers in the study provide insights
about victim-murderer interactions in the context of the organized
and disorganized classification. Victims who survived murder at-
tempts of these killers used the following strategies: hiding from the
assailant, jumping out of a car, feigning death, escaping the area,
75
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