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Ressler et al. / MURDERERS WHO RAPE AND MUTILATE tors, the higher incidence is in the direction of those offenders who were sexually abused. Those sexually abused in childhood are signif- icantly more likely than nonabused offenders to report the following symptoms in childhood: cruelty to animals, isolation, convulsions, cruelty to children, and assaultive to adults. In addition, those men sexually abused in childhood are more likely to report experiencing the following symptoms in adolescence: sleep problems, isolation, running away, self-mutilation, temper tantrums, rebelliousness, and assaultive to adults. In adulthood, differences are noted in the areas of poor body image, sleep problems, isolation, self-mutilation, and temper tantrums. Those sexually abused in adolescence are more likely than non- abused offenders to report the following symptoms in adolescence: running away, fire setting, and cruelty to animals. In adulthood, differences for those sexually abused as an adolescent include the behavioral indicators of nightmares, daydreams, rebelliousness, and cruelty to children. (See Table 2.) Sexual issues. Our analysis of the total murderer sample found that over 50% of the murderers report concern with various sexual issues. These include sexual conflicts (69%), sexual incompetencies (69%), sexual inhibitions (61%), sexual ignorance (59%), and sexual dysfunc- tion (56%). Regarding sexual activities, over 50% of all murderers report inter- ests in pornography (81%), fetishism (stealing, wearing, Or mastur- bating with women’s undergarments; attraction to specific body parts, articles, or inanimate objects) (72%), and voyeurism (71%). A total of 39% report interests in bondage sex (S&M), and 25% indicate involvement in indecent exposure. Less than one-fourth disclose interest in sexual contact with animals (23%), obscene telephone calls (22%), rubbing against others (18%), cross-dressing (17%), prostitution (11%), and coprophilia (7%). An analysis of the relationship between prior sexual abuse in childhood or adolescence and sexual issues shows that the sexually abused offenders are more likely to report sexual conflicts (92% versus 40%; p = .01), sexual dysfunction (69% versus 50%), and sexual incom- petence (77% versus 60%). There is little or no difference in sexual ignorance between the two groups. An analysis of the relationship between sexual abuse in childhood and adolescence and participation in certain sexual activities indi- 86