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y could more effectively create racial tension and strife, Among these cities were Little Rock and Pine Bluff, Arkansas. One of the aims of the Communist Party was to infiltrate and organize as many organizations as possible that are concerned with the Negro race; included among these was the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. He also testified that every organization and association supposedly organized for the purpose of benefiting the Negro, had, to some extent, been infiltrated by the Communist Party, or its sympathizers. These organizations included the NAACP, In some instances the Communist Party itself created the organization, and in other instances it merely infiltrated, Among other methods used to create racial unrest, the Communist Party adopted certain positions which it felt would create racial unrest in order to attract members of the Negro race, and to pressure other organizations with similar aims to adopt similar positions, An example of this was the position toward integration adopted by the Communist Party calling for immediate integration, and within an extremely short time the NAACP changes its position of "gradualism" to immediate integration, He attributed this to the fact that the NAACP had many communist sympathizers in its high ranks. Some direct quotes from Manning Johnson's testimony are as follows: " ,. . « The NAACP and the Communist are responsible for the racial turmoil and strife, ... I am saying this, as far as Little Rock is concerned the NAACP is backed by the Communist and set up this situation and they are using Little Rock as a place where they can make a test battle. . .. Not only Little Rock | and Pine Bluff but a large section of Arkansas in- cluding Pine Bluff and Little Rock was described as areas of concentration, * * * The Reds are going to do all their devlish work in and through the NAACP, 24