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1631-HQ-1462938 helicopters departed Tamuz Air Base loaded with CS-filled bombs. One participant estimated that more than 200 CS-filled aerial bombs were dropped on rebel targets in and around Karbala and Najaf. Trailers loaded with mustard-filled aerial bombs were also transported to the Tamuz Air Base. A participant in the operation stated that mustard gas was not used on the rebels because of the likelihood of discovery by the Coalition. According to the source, the mustard-filled bombs were never unloaded and were not used. Refugees and Iragi military deserters’ reports of the 1991 attacks include descriptions of a range of CW and improvised poisons that were used in the areas around Karbala, Najaf, Nasiriyah, and Basrahh. AL-MAHAWIL MASS GRAVE SITE According to the HRW Report of May 2003, Vol. 15, No. 5, while many of those buried in the Al-Mahawil mass graves remain unidentified, remains that have been identified by relatives establish that the bodies are those of Iraqis arrested during the 1991 uprisings and killed while in Iraq Government custody. HRW interviewed many of the relatives of those identified in the mass grave, making the crucial link between their disappearance in 1991 and the discovery of their remains in the Al-Mahawil mass graves. KAMIL MUHAMMAD DAWUD (hereinafter DAWUD), a Baghdad lawyer, age 74 (all aces are given as of the time of their disappearance), and his son KHALID, a 29 year-old university student, drove from Baghdad to Al-Hillah around March 9 or 10, 1991, searching for DAWUD’S older son, then a soldier in the Iraqi army. While the older brother soon returned home, KAMIL and KHALID disappeared. Their family found KAMIL’S half-looted car near the Al-Mahawil Army Base sometime later, but received no information regarding their fate. On May 17, 2003, their family identified their bodies at the large Al-Mahawil mass grave site based on the presence of DAWUD’s watch and Khalid’s identification document. DAWUD was blindfolded and both men had their hands bound. [HRW interview with RASHID KAMIL MUHAMMAD, Baghdad, May 18, 2003] Ld theveinatter[ 7 age 42, was at ion the Al-Mahawil grave site looking for five relatives who were ~ 82