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Senator Edward Kennedy — Part 22
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It is settled law that a plaintiff in a section 1983 action
must allege both a deprivation of rights secured by the laws or
constitution of the United States, and that said deprivation was
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committed by a person acting “under color of state law."
v. Toledo, 446 U.S. 625 (1980); McGillicuddy v. Clements, 746
F.2d 76 (1st Cir. 1984); MacDonald v. Manchester Fire Dept., 769
F. Supp. 40 (D.N.H. 1990).
When a private individual such as Field has been named as
part of a civil rights conspiracy, the First Circuit has stated
that "it is appropriate to require that the relationship or
nature of cooperation between the state and a private individual
be pled in some detail" in order to convert the actions of a
private party to action "under color of state law." McGilli-
cuddy, supra, 746 F.2d at 77 (citations omitted).
The role of summary judgment is to "'pierce the pleadings
and assess the proof in order to see whether there is a genuine
need for trial.'" Mesnick v. General Elec, Co., 950 F.2d 816,
822 (1st Cir. 1991), cert. denied, ___ U.S. __, ___ S. Ct. __,
60 U.S.L.W. 3841 (June 15, 1992) (quoting Garside v. Osco Drug,
ine., 895 F.2d 46, 50 (1st Cir. 1990)). The burden is on the
moving party to show that there is no genuine issue of material
fact and that it is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.
Rule 56(c), Fed. R. Civ. P. The court must view the entire
record in the light most favorable to the nonmovant, "tindulging
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