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“t §06—OPINION ILLINOIS v. ALLEN > that he would be removed from the courtroom if he persisted in his unruly conduct, and, as Judge Hastings observed in his dissenting opinion,, the record demon- strates that Allen would not have been at all dissuaded by the trial judge’s use of his criminal contempt powers. Allen was constantly informed that he could return to the trial when he would agree to conduct himself in an orderly manner. Under these cireumstances we hold that Allen Jost his right guaranteed by the Sixth and Fourteenth Amendments to be present throughout his trial. IV It is not pleasant to hold that the respondent Allen was properly banished from the court for a part of his own trial. But our courts, palladiuins of liberty as they are, cannot be treated disrespectfully with impunity. Nor can the accused be permitted by his disruptive con- duct indefinitely to avoid being tried on the charges. brought against’ him. It would degrade our country and our judicial system to permit our courts to be bullied, insulted, and humiliated and their orderly progress thwarted and obstructed by defendants brought before them charged with crimes, As guardians of the public welfare, our state and federal judicial systems. strive to administer cqual justice to the rich and the poor, the good and the bad, the native and foreign born of every race, nationality and religion. Being manned by humans, the courts are not perfect and are bound to make some errors. But, if our courts are to remain what the Founders intended, the citacels of justice, their pro- ceedings cannot and must not be infected with the sort ef scurrilous, abusive language and conduct paraded before the Illinois trial judge in this ease. The record shows that the Hlinois judge at all times conducted himself with that dignity, decorum, and patience that e e