◆ SpookStack

a t ' parson who deorived or was about to deprive any citizen of any civil right.” Tne compromise that became the Civil Rights Act of 1957 limits civil actions NA: to protection »f ‘sting rights in special, general, or primary elections where federal officers are elected. by an action: for damages under 42 U.S.C. §1983 and §1985(3) or by a criminal action Before the 1957 Act, Section 1971 (now 1972(a)) was enforced either a under 18 U.S.C. §241, 242. The 1957 Act adds four subsections to AZ ; Section 1971, indluding: ptates “bh. No person, whether acting under color of law or other- wise, shall intimidate, threaten, or coerce any other person for the purpose of interfering with the right of such other: © person to vote or to vote as he may choose, or of causing such other. person to vote for, or ngt to vote for, any candi~ | date for the office of President, Vice President, presidential - elector, Member of the Senate, or Member of the House of Representatives, Delegates or Commissioners from the Terri- tories or possessions, at any general, special, or primary election held solely or in part for the purpose of selecting or electing any such candidate. “ce, Whenever any person has engaged or there are reasonable grounds to believe that any person is about to engage in any act or practice which would deprive any other person of any right or privilege secured by subsection {a} or {b}), the Attorney General may institute for the United States, or in the name of the United States, a civil action or other proper proceeding for preventive relief, including an application for a permanent or temporary injunction, restraining order, or other order. In any proceeding hereunder the United States shall be liable for costs the same as a private person." . (Emphasis added. } The House Report on the Act--there was no Senate Report-— clearly the purpose of the amendments to i571: “This section adds new matter. The provision is a further declaration of the right to vote for Federal offices. It states clearly that it is unlewfu: Zor a private indivi- dual as well as one acting under coior of law to interfere or attempt to interfere with The right to vote at any general, special, or primary election concerning Federal . offices. This amendment, however, does not provide for a remedy. However, the succeeding subsection of the amendment, which is designated subsection {c¢), | ? ‘ sphe Ae