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Person who deorived or was about to deprive any citizen of any civil right.” Tae compromisa that became the Civil Rights Act of 2957 limits civil actions to protection of ‘ating rights in special, general, or ‘primary elections * . wae, where federal officers are elected. Before the 1957 Act, Section 1971 (now 1971(a)) was enforced either by an action: for damages under 42 U.S.C. §1983 and §1985(3) or by a criminal action under 18 U.S.C. §241, 242. The 1957 Act adds four subsections to Section 1971, ineluding: | . 8 : “bh. No person, whether acting under color of law or other- - . wise, shall intimidate, threaten, or coerce any other person () -. . for the purpose of interfering with the right of such other: ~ person to vote or to vote as he may choose, or of causing such other. person to vote for, or not to vote for, any candi~= date for the office of President, Vice President, presidential elector, Member of the Senate, or Member of the House of Representatives, Delegates or Commissioners from the Terri- tories or possessions, at any general, special, or primary election held solely or in part for the purpose of selecting or electing any such candidate. ( } . “c. Whenever any person has engaged or there are reasonable grounds to believe that any person is about to engage in any act or practice which would deprive any other person of any right or privilege secured by subsection (a) or {h), the Attorney General may institute for the United States, or in the name of the United States, a civil action or other proper proceeding for preventive relief, including an application for a permanent or temporary injunction, restraining order, or other order. In any proceeding hereunder the United States shalt ha tishia Jota wete the care acs 2 private narecon," SOhsd GE 200s 202 SGSES LS Sane 25 GB PRIVEE pes owiie * (Emphésis added.) The Heuse Report on the Act--there was no Senate Report-- clearly states the purpose of the amendments to 1971: "This section adds new matter. The provision is a further declaration of the right to vote for Federal offices. It a states clearly that it is unlawful Jor a private indivi- ‘ - " dual as well as one acting uncer coior of law to interfere or attempt to interfere with the right to vote at any general, special, or primary election concerning Federal . oa 8 offices. This amendment, however, does not provide for "a remedy. However, the succeeding subsection of the amendment, which is designated subsection (c), oo _ _ OB eer eee me et ao! . arqatgs