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fm oe ee wi “eel {>) Under the “sweeping clanul". A.clcle I, Section &, Clause £, Congress may enact all laws “nccs.sary and preper" to carry out any of its powers, anciucinc, ci course, its power to regu- “ late federal elections. This pzcvizizn leaves to Congress the choice of the means to execute its sowers. "Let the end be lesitimate, let it be hin the scope of the Constitution, and all means which are appropriate, which are plainly adapted to that “end, which are not prohibited, but consist with the letter and spirit of the Constitution ere consticutional". MeCulloch v. Maryland, 1819, 4 Wheat. 316, 421. “There is little regarding a2. election that is not in- civ“ia in the terms 'time, place anc manner of holding it'". Unite@ States v. Munford, 1933, C. C., E.D.va., 16 F. 223. The » Supreme Court has said: “It cannot be doubted that tnete comprehensive words embrace authority ic code for congressional oluct_ to times and places, but in tel m to notices, recistration, supervision ci voting, protection of voters, prevention cf Isc.c and corrupt prac- tices, counting of vote:, Gu-lis of inspectors znd canvassers, ané makin, a.4 .ublicacion of election returns; in shezt, to enact an) rumerous requirements as to srzccedure and Te ~ safeguards which experience zhiws ere necessary , in order to enforce the fundcimental right in- volved." Smiley v. Eolm, i932, 285 U.S. 355, 256, 76 L.Ed. 795. “yo facts make it appropriats for Congress to reach registra~ as pict of the “manner of holding elections". -.on/ First, registering is 2 prerscuisite to voting. Second, vagistre tion is a process for certifying 2 citizen as a qualified . } ; yoter in both ‘federal and state elections. A law protecting the tught t2 vote could hardly be appropriate unless it protected the 26 cht tc register. In Clessic language, registering is a "“neces- S classic sary step" and “integral“ in vosing in “elections”. In Classic, “-nrerference with the effective choice of the voters" in a Louisisr.a Democratic primary was inc.sference “at the only stage ap we