◆ SpookStack

FOREWORD Nearly 20 years have elapsed since the Agency was authorized by President Eisenhower to undertake a program of covert action to overthrow Fidel Castro, but despite voluminous writings subsequent to the activity intending to show the disastrous nature of CIA's guidance of the operation, no attention ever has focused on the Agency's participatory role in the formulation of United States foreign policy vis- a-vis Guatemala and Nicaragua during the course of the operation. One purpose of this volume in the Official History of the Bay of Pigs series is to examine in detail the extent of those relationships as they impacted on -- or in fact became -- the policies of the United States government toward those two countries. In Guatemala, the Agency dealt directly with the President Miguel Ydigoras Fuentes or his personal representative Roberto Alejos; and the relationships were far more complex -- and covered a longer time span -- than was the case with Nicaragua. - 11 - In addition, .