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'STYRE: ACRYLONITRILE inhibited during storage. Safety data sheet available from Manufacturing Chemists Assn., Washington, Cc. Uses: Polystyrene plastics; SBR, ABS and SAN resins; protective coatings (Styrene-butadiene latex; alkyds); styrenated polyesters; rudbcr-madified polystyrene; copolymer resins; intermediate Shipping regulations: (Rail) Not listed. (Air) (in- hibited) No label required; (uninhibited) Not ac- ceptable. styrene-acrylonitrile. See polystyrene. Styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR). By far the most widely ‘used type of synthetic rubber; its consumption for all applications is about four times that of pol; butadiene, its nearest competitor, and 1!4 times that of all other clastomers combined, Its manufacture involves co- polymerization of about 3 parts butadiene with | part styrene, These materials are suspended in finely divided emulsion form in a large proportion of water, in the presence of a soap or detergent. Also present in small amounts are an initiator or catalyst which is usually a peroxide, and a chain-modifying agent such as dodecy! mercaptan. Uses: Tires, footwear, mechanical goods; coatings; ‘adhesives; solvent-release sealants, carpet backi J_See also rubber, synthetic; polymerization, free radical. TWyrene nitrosite. A compound resulting from the reac- tion between styrene and nitrogen dioxide and used as a qualitative or quantitative specific test for monomeric styrene in mixtures with other hydrocarbons. styrene oxide CHsCHOCH:. Properties: Colorless to pale straw-colored liquid. Boiling range (5 to 95%) 194.2-195°C; f.p. -36.6°C; flash point 18°F’ (COC: refractive index (n 25:D) 1.5328; sp. gr. (25/4°C) 1.0469; miscible with ben- zene, acetone, ether, and methanol, Combustible. Hazard: Moderately toxic and irritant, Uses: Highly reactive organic intermediate. “Styresol.”* Trademark for a group of styrenated alkyd resins with air-drying end baking properties and high resistance to gasoline, alkalies, acids, and water. “Styrocrete."?” Trademark for latex formulation used as an additive for cement mortar to bond plastic foam to various surfaces. “Styretex.’ Trademark for styrenated alkyd resins. “Styrofoam.”"” Trademark for expanded, cellular polystyrene (avail. ie in colors). Used: Insulating material; light-weight materials for boats, toys, ete.; separators in packing containers; airport runways; highway construction; battery cases. “Styron."” Trademark for polystyrene resins, general urpose, medium and hi impact, heat and’ impact- cat resistant, and light-stabilized resins (“Styron Verelite”). Available in wide range of translucent and opaque colors, as well as natural and crystal. Uses: Pac aging, toys, appliance parts, bottle closures and containers, hot and cold drinking cups, television cabinet backs, automotive components and machine housings, lighting equipment. styryl carbinol. See cinnamic alcohol. suberane. See cycloheptane. suberic acid (octanedioic acid) HOOC(CH:)COOH. Properties: Colorless crystals from water, mp. 143°C; b.p. 279°C at 100 mm. Sparingly soluble in ether, soluble in alcohol and hot water, slightly soluble in cold water. Combustible. 822 ( Derivation: Oxidation of cyclouctenc or cyclooctane. Uses: Intermediate for the synthesis of drugs, dyes and high polymers. xuberone. See cycloheptanone. sublimation. The direct passage of a substance from solid to vapor without appearing in the intermediate (liquid) state, An example is solid carbon dioxide which vaporizes at room temperature; the conversion may also be from vapor to solid under appropriate condi- tions of temperature. subnuclear particle. A particle either found in the nucleus or observed coming from the nucleus as the resuit of nuclear reaction or rearrangement, ic., neutrons, mesons, etc. substance. Any chemical element of compound. All substances are characterized by a unique and identical constitution, and are thus homogeneous (q.v.). “A material of which every part is like every other part is said to be homogeneous and is called’a substance.” (Black and Conant, “Practical Chemistry.”) Sec also homogenous. substantive dye. See direct dye. substituent. An 2tom or radical that replaces another in a molecule as the result of a reaction. See substitution. substitution. The replacement of one element or radical by another as a result of a chemical reaction, Chlorina- tion of benzene to produce chiorobenzene is a typical example; in this case a chlo-ine atom replaces a hydro- gen atom in the benzene molecule, substrate. (1) A substance upon which an enzyme or ferment acts. (2) Any solid surface on which a coating or layer of a different materia} is deposited. subtillin, An antibiotic poodzze2 by the metab processes of a strain of Bacilius subtilis. It is a cyclic polypeptide similar to bacitracin in chemical structure and antibiotic activity, but not as important clinically. Subtilin is active against many gram-positive bacteria, some gram-negative cocci, and some species of fungi It is a surface tension depressant, and its antibiotic action is increased by use of wetting agents. Properties: Soluble in water in pH range 2.0-6.0; soluble in methanol and ethanol (up to 80%); insoluble in dry ethanol o7 other common organic solvents. Rela~ tively stable in acid solutions. Inactivated by pepsin and trypsin, and destroyed by light. Uses: Medicine; seed disinfectant. succinaldehyde (butanedial) OHCCH-CH;CHO. Properties: Liquid; sp. gr. 1.063 (20 4°C); b.p. 170°C. Refractive index. 1.4254. Soluble’ in water, alcohol, and ether. The name succinaldchyde is ofien incorrectly used in commerce as a synonym for succinic anhydride. succinic acid (butanedioic acid) CO:H(CH2)2CO:H. Properties: Colorless crystals; slightly soluble in water; soluble irf alcohol and ether, odorless; acid taste. Sp. Fg doze” 18SC: BP. 235°C. Combustible. toxicity. ion: Fermentation of ammonium tartrate. CC. Technical; C.. ~C. Containers: Bottles, barrels; kegs; fiber drums. Uses: Medicine; organic, synthesis, manufacture of lacquers, dyes, esters for perfumes, succinates; pho- tography; in foods as a sequestrant, buffer, neutral- ‘izing agent. succinic acid, 2,2-dimethythydrazide (CH;).NNHCOCH;Ch;COOH. Properties: White crystals; m.p. 155°C; pH 3.8 (500