◆ SpookStack

I~ APPENDIX BLACK PANTHER PARTY FORMERLY KNOWN AS, THE BLACK PANTHER PARTY FOR SELF-DEFENSE . Be The Black Panther Party (BPP), organized in December, 1966, at Oakland, California, by Huey P. Newton and Bobby George Seale, has the publicly stated purpose of organizing black people to take control of the life, politics and destiny of the black comminity. The Party, operating the Black Panther Inter- comminal News Service, publishes a newspaper called "The Black Panther," which at one time openly advocated the use of guns and guerrilla tactics in a revolutionary program to end the oppres~ sion of the black people but since early 1971 has spoken for a ~-SUrvival program pending revolution, os ae While openly advocating direct overthrow of the U. 5S. Government by force and violence until 1971, leaders have since avoided extrome statements in favor of calling for action within the established order, Newton, in an interview appearing in the May, 1973, issue of “Playboy" magazine, stated the Panthers’ chief ambition is to change the American Governmeni by any means necessary but that ultimately such change will be through armed violence. BPP national headquarters, aka Black Panther Intercom- minal Headquarters, as of May, 1974, continued to be located in Oakland, California, with branches throughout the country. APPENDIX