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it it i pasture land. After the organiam favades a host, poly- glutamic actd in ite caprile and an extracellular toxin, which produces ederaa, combat the host defense mechanism, The toxin can later {ull the host by pro- ducing, secondary shock, Anthrax bn eximsle (oplente fever). ‘The most mesceptible animals are herbivors especially cattle, sheep, pins, horses, and goats, Usually a septicemia, ‘or blood paloning, occurs. The effects vary from « sudden epoplectic a k (with death occurring # fow minutes after the appearance ‘of the first symptoms) to a subscute but eventually fatel illness manifested spleen, and frequently by in- testinal disturbances. Sometimes local manifestations, which are less often fatal, occur, For exemple, fa cutaneous Authrox ta men occurs himort exclusively among fo contect with animals or animal products. ft takes three main forms: malignant pustule, snthrax, i t i Ht An area of Inflammation forms and necroses ta the center, The center becomes , purplish, of black, ‘and is surrounded by an area of edema and by vesicles containing yellow fiuid. is no true = Terre little pain. Fatality 1s low and occurs only generalized eepticemis ensues. anthrax (sool-sorters disease) ts caused by the inhalation of dust containing spores. salgtninl emer ma flow the ei of infeed ‘The last two types of anthrax are rare, but almost favariably fatal, Treatment is difficult because of the short period of time between onset of symptoms Immantzation, diagnosis, and therapy. Live spores of attenuated virulence form an effective vac eine for cattle ‘and other animals, A cell-free protec tive vaccine, suitable for vse in man, has been pro- duced, This vaccine is « sterile Bitrate from « culture of Bacillus enthrects grown ta @ chemically defined medium with controlled incubstion time and tem perature. ‘The disease is diagnosed by microscopte Sdentifics- thon of bacteria in the blood and by the Ascol thermo- precipitin test. In the Ascoli test, # precipitate forme when a boiled saline extract of infected tissue te added to a suitable immune serum, if used easly, penicillin and streptomycin cure anthrax, See TOUIM, BACTERIAL; ORAM @TADH; BTEC” “TOUS DISEASE TRAMSMIBHION; BACILLACEAE, Bibliography—The Yearbook of Agriculture 1958 (Animal Diseases), U.S. Dept. of ‘Agricultura, Wash- ington, D.C, 1956; G, S, Wilson and A, A. Miles, Topley and Wikow's Principles of Bacteriology and Immunity, Williams & Wilkins, 1955. ‘A. Holtaender (ed.), Redistion Biology, McGrew- Hill, New York, 1855. Il. D. Smyth, Atomic Energy for Military Purposes, Princeton University Press, 1957, (Do not repeat place name with anlversity presses.) ‘The above is on example of a general information article, The fret paragraph gives » brief discussion of the topic, Subsequent parsgraphs go Into much greater detail, But st no time dose the discusion wee unnecessary technical terms.