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6. Renouncing honors There can be some symbolic impact when cam- paigners renounce honors given them in the past. For example, Negro veterans might send back medals of honor; a Negro "Woman of the Year" might refuse the award from an institution which is part of the power strueture Negro students might send back their American Legion School Awards. 2) Some of the techniques which come under the heading of demonstrations may become civil disobe- dience if the city declares them illegal. Injunctions may be issued by courts forbidding marches or picket- ing. Where the Constitution is in operation, however, these methods do not usually involve breaking the law. Non-cooperation This general category involves methods of direct action jn which the Campaigners withdraw their usual degree of cooperation with the opponent. The methods _ be iegai or illegal, depending on local laws, 1, Strike The strike is one of the best known of a)) forms of direct action. It haa not, however, been used very much in the civil rights struggle. It would be most potent in those areas where Negroes form a very large part of the population or of some economic concern which is important to the area. A form of the strike 68 which might be experimented with is the “token gtr: Tn a token strike all those sympathetic to Lhe cause 5 off the job for a brief time -- perhaps one day , or 3 few hours. This is a way of showing solidarity and seriousness. 2. Hartal ; The Indians under Gandhi developed this exten- sively, but it was also used in Budapest at the beginning of the 1956 Hungarian Revolution. A Hartal aan ots staying at home for a full day or more, leaving - stret and places of amusement empty. In addition to reducing the chances of "incidents," the stay-at-home may we to demonstrate to the opponent the degree of unity an hich self-discipline among the people. In a campaign whi he religious aspects, the day can be seen as stresses the rel. a time for meditation and purification. 3. Congumers' Boycott ‘ From the Montgomery bus boycott on, the consumers «as tel nichts boycott has played an important roie in ihe civil rights . This method has roots in the American Revolution struggle. teves and even farther back in history, and has been sees e the world. Its effectiveness depends on how much . 0) is producer requires the campaigners' patrorage for his survival. Advantages of the boycott include: (a) it minimizes violence, (b) it promotes solidarity and sharing, (c) it 69 —_— | ———e —