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ing situation the operator might not look in both directions before moving his machine. There is more danger of injury or death when one or a few persons engage in interjection than when a great many participate. An example of the latter case, called obstruction, occurred in Japan in 1956 when 10,000 people physically occupied a site intended for a U.S. air base. After several days of obstruction the =) plans for building the air base were abandoned. or) Even while this manual is being prepared some individual or group is probably devising stiil other forms of nonviotent direct action. One of the elements of non- violence is the creativity which it stimulates, and the reader will probably want to experiment with new forms of nonviolent struggle. Not all of them will be really effective, and some will collapse as did the World's Fair "stall-in," in April, 1964. In evaluating a new tactic before trying it out, the thoughtful civil righis worker will ask: 1. Is it clearly related to the issue? 2. Are the people it will inconvenience really the people heavily involved in the in justice? 3. Is there chance of direct confrontation between the campaigners and the opponent? 4. Does the tactic put a major part of the suffer- ing which is inevitable in social change upon our shoulders, rather than upon innocent bystanders? 16 If the answer to these questions is "yes," the tactic may be worth trying. 77