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») Appendix B: Some Important Legal Documents Involving Civil Rights 1. The Bill of Rights (first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution). Article 1: Congress shall make no law respect- ing an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the free- dom of speech or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assembie, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances. Article 2: A well-regulated militia being neces- sary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms shallnot be infringed. Article 3: No soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house without the consent of the owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law. Article 4: The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no warrants shall issue but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the person or things to be seized. Article 5: No person shall be held to answer for a capital or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a grand jury, ex- cept in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the militia. when in actual service in time of war or public danger; nor shall any person be 124 subject for the same offense to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a wiiness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use without just compensation. Article 6: In all criminal prosecutions the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the state and district where- in the crime shall have been committed. which dis- trict shall have previously been ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be cunfrunted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for ob- taining witnesses in his favor, and to have the assistance of counsel for his defense. Article 8: Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishment inflicted, 125