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of German military conscription? Japan introduced con: scription in 1873, Y. Takata in his Conscription System in Japan, after mentioning the adoption of conscription in France and then in Prussia, said: Vk was natural that the Japanese authorities, who were in pressing need of a new military system, should follow the European example. The sdoptivn of the aye teu was, however, nut an easy matter. Sirong objections were raised against this new system, for it was nol com- patible with the feuda) spirit, with which the whule people were saturated. signed a manifesto to give substance to President Wilson's earlicr proposal to make conscription illegal in all coun- tries afitiated in the League of Nations. This plea read: srmament and the demilitarizing of the mind of civilized nations. The most effective measure toward this would be the universal abolition of conscription. We there fore, ask the League of Nations to propose the aboli- tion of compulsory military service in all countri fist step toward true disarmament. it is our beiief that conscript armies, with their large corps of professional oflicers, are the grave menace to peace, Conscription in- volves the degradation of human personality and the de- struction of liberty. 2. WAT PROPOSALS ARE BEING MADE FOR PEACETIME CONSCRIPTION ON THE PART OF TOR UW Pee Gent PART OF THE U STATES? The May Bill, WLR. 3947, introduced January 11, IMA, by Chairman Andrew J. May of the louse Military Affairs Conmitiee, would provide that every young man upon attaining the age of 17 or upon the completion of high school whichever first occurs, shall be inducted into the army or navy for training, For eight years be would be enrolled in the This bill tive Train- a period of one year for military reserves and subject to refresher trainin, ecome effective when the preacnt Sel ervice Act expircs. S. 701 and ILR. 1866 were introduced February 11, {4] 1943, by Senator Chan Gurney, of South Dakot: Representative James W. Wadsworth, of New York. provides that every male citizen aud every male shall, upon attaining the age of 18 years or within years thereafter, be subject to military training anc be inducted into the army or navy for a period « year, Then he shall be enrolled as a reserve in th ‘or naval forces Cor four years, und subject to add refresher training. This would become effectiy months after the war is ended. There have be hearings on either the May Bill or the Gurney-Wad: Bil. According ta the New York Times of April 22, a proposal for @ universal military training syste: submitted to the House Commilice on Post War M Policy by Brigadier General Palmer. The ash Post, in a front page article on May 11, 1944, sa) “the Army and Navy have agreed upon the basic « of a program for universal mililaty service after th but the Budget Bureau is keeping the plan under The Anny-Navy plan seems to contemplate the p of some sort of national service legislation since y di: ified fo ined for war industrics. bat auy ‘who will be des year’s military training for every male citizen of 1 age is proposed.” U; y eh late Secrelary of Navy Knox, Major General JI bead of Selective Service, J. Edgar Noover, of the J Bureau of Investigation, and others in the zovernm 3. WHAT WERE THE CJIEEF REASONS ' LED 160 THE REJECTION OF PEACE CONSCRIPTION IN 1920? Some of the reasons advanced in Congress the adoption of peacetime conscription in 1920 w following: a. The excessive cost and burden of 1 taxation b. The resultant reduction of the nation’s | ts]