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Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000300020002-1 LN465-92 conclusion is that before the spin of the second particle is observed, it cannot be determined, and it is not real. As Nash sees it, the first of these two possibile conclusions, the long range effect, could be seen as the same thing as PSI. Following the same train of thought, the British Physicist C. WN. Villars further proposed the hypothesis that the long range effect between these two particles could be used to explain extra sensory perception. One of thee particles in the brain of the sensor, and the other particle would serve as the target object. He believed that a chain of interacting particles connected the different members of ai pair of formerly connected microphysics particles. OBSERVATION THEORY As stated above, the second conclusion of Clauser and Shimony, which was that prior to being observed, the physical nature of this particle dces not exist. The observation theories of PSI are consistent with this. The observation theories are based on the theories of quantum mechanics. The theories of quantum mechanics hold that a physics system (such as an atom) has countless states expanding in space, forming one called the PSI (not to be confused with the PSI of PSI theory) wave function. This particle does not exist in one of its states only, but exists Simultaneously in all of its states. When the physics system is tested, or when this particle is observed, its wave function shrinks from all of the states of which it consists into a single state. It is only at this time that it exists in a certain location in space. According to the PSI observation theory, in the brain or a _ target object, a particle wave function, under the process of observation, shrinks into a certain state until these states are the same. At the present time, there are several variable phase observation theories. The first was proposed by American Physicist Evan Harris Walker. He united the complex consciousness of he observer toward the physics system and several the hidden variables some quantum physicists believe cause the shrinking of the wave functions. Because the hidden variables are independent in space and time, the observer can cause the wave functions of these particles separated by time and space to shrink, thus causing their uniformity. This provides an explanation for simultaneous extrasensory perception, precognition and PK. Copenhagen University’s Richard Mottuch has proposed that it is not necessary to select a hidden variable, that the consciousness of the observer will change their distribution and cause the wave functions to shrink at will. Another variable phase observation theory is that proposed by Helmut Schmidt. He hypothesized that a PSI acted to influence the probability of the occurrence of an event through a psisource. Similar to this is the hypothesis by Australian Physicists James Donald and Brian Martin of the existence of energy or negative entropy in the direction of the past that could be used in the future to alter the probability of events occurring in the present. D6 Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000300020002-1