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* ~ we TUG Hew, 7-16-58) Pe) \ The Washington Merry-Go-Round | Things Which Shaped the Justices By Drow learson IF YOU STUDY the lives of the nine men of the Supreme Court, you can pretty well understand how and why they feel strongly about civil rights and school integration. Most of them were born to nardship, reared in an atmosphere where convictions were firm. Here are their hackerounds: : Chief Justice EaYrWarren, of Norwegian descent, was the son of a locomotive engi- neer in Bakersfield, Calif.. and first worked as a roundhouse callboy, bicxcling messages fo railroad crews notifying them when they were to go on duty. Warren's father was murdered when he was a child, and he worked intensively to put himsell through school and support his mother. He hecame a crusading district altornry, cleaned up crime on the Oakland waterfrort, was elected Governor of California. As such he appointed a Negra classmate at the Uni- versity of California, Walter Gordon, to he head of the Statc Parole Board; cracked down on the exclusion of Mexicans fram a municipal park in San Bernadino; defended the professors of the state universities in their refusal to take loyaliy oaths regarding past political afiliations. He antagonized California doctors hy urg- ing what they called “socialized medicine,” insisted on greeting Presidcni Truman when he entered California in the 1952 presidential campaign despite the frowns of Eisenhower backers—and chalked up a record as the most courageous Governor California ever nad. Justice Huge-Biack is an Alabama iawyer whose first case involved the return of a sow which had strayed to a neighbor's farm and produced a litter. From a starvation law prac- tice he became the most prosperous lawyer in Birmingham, gave up that practice to run for the Senate. When elected, he disbanded his law office--unlike many other Senators— his wife she would have—te-neduce her income from $60,000 to $10,000 a year. ROT T In the Senate, Black became the indefati- t moter of Roosevelt's N Jegistation. When appointed to ihe Court, the press put him through a baptism of fire over his membership in the Ku Klux Klan; which he had joincd as a young candidate for public office. That bath of abuse has helped make Black impervious to current criticism and his one-time membership in the Klan may well have influenced his ring- x. ing stands for the Negro, Catholics and Jews and against the intolerances of the Klan. Justice FelixFrankfurter was born in Austria, brought to the United States as a baby and became Harvard’s most noted law professor, He led the crusade to save Sacco and Vanzetli when they were accused of the Braintree, Mass., murder; and won {he repu- tation of recommending more men to public office under Roosevelt's New Deal than any- one else in the Nation. Some of them, no- tably Henry L. Stimson and Dean Acheson, influenced history as members of the Cabinet. On the court, Frankfurter has wavered from his onetime liberalism, has heen criti- cized for ducking decisions on constitutional ounds. Now ithe oldest member of te Cpu in years. he is more susceplible Jo pliblic opinion than some of his colleaguds. Justice William @r-Douglas was born bi nhesota, reared in Washington State a , a = : nl 167 SEP 3 1955 GT SEP 5 1959 + —r ome Tolgon Belmont Mohr Nease Parsons Rosen Tamm Trotter W.C. Sullivan _ Tele. Room __ Holloman Gandy Wash. Post and I _ Times Herald Wash, News Wash. Star N. Y. Herald Tribune N, Y. Journal-______ American N. Y. Mirror N. Y. Daily News —_ N, Y. Times Daily Worker The Worker New Leader Date