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Other 1915 planks of the Womar's Peace Party were: A “Concert of Nations” to supersede “Balance of Power ;” the removal of the economic causes of war; and the appointment by our government of a commission of men and women, with an adequate appropriation, to promote international peace. In 1916 there were added an opposition to compulsory military service; a recommenda- tion for a joint commission to deal with United States-Oriental problems; and a statement of the principle that military protection for foreign investments should not be expected. ‘The next annual meeting was held eleven months later, in December of 1916. It took up the problems of minorities and the solutions which might be effected through the federal form of government; and also discussed the famines which were widespread in many countries, pointing out the direct con- nection of famine and war. The whole of the year 1916 and the first months of 1917 were saddening, filled with unheeded protests by the Woman's Peace Party against the imperial- jam of the South American policy and against the change of feeling, both in the administration and at large, which led us into the World War. When the country was at war, nothing was left but even vainer protests, as for instance against conscription without a referendurn, or on behalf of the conscientious objectors. The National Board, at its firat meeting after America entered the war, declared to the branches: “We have avoided all criticism of our Government as to the declaration of war, and all activities that could be considered as obstruc- tive in respect to the conduct of the war and this not as a counsel of prudence, but as a matter of principle.” In the same statement the work of the State Branches is described. Being in their work independent of the National Board, they had been following various lines, some in Red Cross work, food conservation, and other war relief efforts; others in protecting civil liberties; others in lectures and classes on international justice. At the annual meeting of the Wosnan’s Peace Party in December, 1917, continued work was urged for a League of Nations and for substituting law for war. “Let those of opposed opinions be loyal to the highest that they know, and let each understand that the other may be equally patriotic.” With this spirit the peace-lovers went forward into the passions and the bleak hatred of the war months. When peace came, and the Peace Conference was announced to meet in Paris, plans were upset. The Women's International Committee for Perma- ment Peace had expected to meet at the same time and place as the treaty negotiators; but since Paris was not neutral territory and women from the Central Powers could not come there, Zurich was hastily decided on. The Zurich Congress passed unanimously a strong resolution on the famine and the food blockade, asking that the inter-allied machinery already in existence be used for peace, through the immediate distribution of necessities. No action was taken by the Paris Conference on this plan. When the Treaty of Versailles was made public the Zurich was in actual session and was, we believe, the first body to protest the terms. Protest it did, in no uncertain language. Its series of resolutions began as follows: “This International Congress of Women expresses its deep regret that the Terms of Peace proposed at Versailles should so seriously violate the principles upon which alone a just snd lasting peace can be secured, and which the democracies of the world had come to accept. “By guaranteeing the fruits of the secret treaties to the conquerors, the Terms of Peace tacitly sanction secret diplomacy, deny the principles of self- determination, recognize the right of the victors to the spoils of war, and create all over Europe discords and animosities, which can only lead to future wars.” The diplomats were patient though unmoved. The Allied press was bitterly critical, for few people at that time saw the danger in the Versailles Treaty. Only after a year or two did the views now common begin to develop. Suggestions on the League of Nations were made to the Conference, but also without effect. The Zurich Congress could not approach unity on the question of whether to advocate the League, as then set up, and so no position was officially taken. Many women told the Congress of their experiences in the war, or in the revolutions which several countries had undergone. There was no embar- rasement, much less bitterness, in these exchanges between recent “enemies,”