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a Ls eal . oat ow nn ed epee the pitch of unadulterated racial hatred was attained. II. THE MUSLIM CULT OF ISLAM A. Background and Origin During and immediately following the first World War, the Negroes | in the Southern States became extremely attracted to the northern industrial cities, such a8 Detroit, Pittsburgh and Chicago. They believed implicitly that the North, unlike the South, presented rare opportunities to improve the economic and cultural standards of the Negro. Asa result of the prevalent illiteracy among these people and the large numbers of them who immigrated to the North, possibilities for employment diminished. The depression in the late 1920's completely dispelled the rest of their hopes ‘and reduced greatly their living standards. During these years, many militant and cultist groups arose which reflected this intense desire for racial improvement and recognition, and which based the unenviable position of the Negro on the treatment afforded him by the white people. As each of these movements gained momentum, enti-Caucasian feelings became more pronounced until 1. The Marcus Garvey Movement During 1914, in Jamaica, British West Indies, Marcus Garvey, a West Indian Negro, was imbued with the desire to collect” his people from the four corners of the earth and return them to