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ses 504 C ] THE TECHNIQUES OF SOVIET PROPAGANDA 25 tematic antidemocrats. It is difficult to understand how a systematic evil can be fought, if not by systematic opposition. This simple truth has not been lost on the Communists. deed, the maintenance of @ constant atmosphere of denigration and criticism, directed against consistent anticommunism, is one of the principal tasks of the Com- _ munist propeganda spparatus, The Communists have achieved such success in this particular area that a truly incredible attitude has been expressed in the Western World: statements have actually been made that anticommunism is a more dangerous evil than communism. When one adversary in a relentless and merciless struggle feels that it would be “bad manners” to fight back, it is obvious that his enemy has scored a major victory over him in the battle of. propaganda: intellectual intimidation. Moreover, such intimidation thrives on its own successes. Insofar as serious and enlightened circles remain silent, abandoning to the tactless and tumultous the condemnation of communism, the equation “anticommunism equals extremism” appears to be confirmed, further inhibiting the serious and enlightened. Senator Joseph McCarthy, alarmed and aroused by his discoveries, was sometimes less than tact- ful, and often tumultuous, in his attacks on cryptocommunism. The success of the Communist propaganda apparatus in creating an image of the Senator as a “reactionary extremist” and a demagogue has made it extremely difficult to accuse any individual of cryptocom- munism without being termed a “witch-hunter,” yet it is certain that eryptocommunism did not die with Senator McCarthy. en intimidation fails to silence the counter-propaganda of some particularly effective anti-Communist, the Soviets do not shrink from violence to eliminate him. They murdered Trotsky, Krivitsky, Nin, and others; they kidnapped Trushnovitch. RADIO BROADCASTS Little emphasis needs to be given to this well-known Propaganda channel; however, it is worth noting that in this field, in which the United States has made an exceptional effort, the Soviets still use approximately quadruple the broadcast time. France, on whom a half dozen Soviet stations lavish idiomatic programs, has few if any Russian-language broadcasts. In addition to fooding the airwaves with broadcasts, the Soviets have seized every available opportunity to establish crypto-Communist tadio stations. “East German radio engineers have installed a power- ful transmitter in Conakry, providing a Soviet propaganda outlet at the very heart of Africa. TERRORISM AND GUERRILLA WARFARE Since the end of World War II, the Communist apparatus has dem- onstrated scant scruples regarding bloodshed. Murder in the cities and terrorism in the villages has poured blood on the streets, while errilla warfare has spattered it on the bushes. An incomplete list- ing of the aggressions fomented by Moscow since 1945 indicates the emphasis placed on this method of subversion since that date: Uprit in Iran, 1945. Greek Civil war led by Markos, 1945-48.