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28 THE TECHNIQUES OF SOVIET PROPAGANDA ~ ve tries have departments of colonial problems, of africology, of vernacu- lar dialects, of primitive economies, ete,, which under an academic cloak are in fact the cradles of auxiliaries. Tne An aggregate of several thousand indoctrinators 4 year is estimated - 8 the production of theee beehives. es ie __ The special schools are # formidable weapon, For the mediocre or indigent men admitted to them, the Jong journey and the discovery of new countries means promotion and pleasant memories. The students make lasting friendships, savor the intoxication of mitiation to an inner circle; they feel associated with imposing power and entrusted with a solemn mission; and they learn techniques which impress upon them their own distinction and importance. Above all, they believe they have become repositories of truth. This is the mainspring of their missionary fervor, continually rewound by frequent contacts, technical and material assistance. e “truth” they is in fact a fraud, but its rational content matters little. What matters is an apprenticeship in a particular phraseology; in a rhetorical system tbat supplies classified answers to every question; in an oratorical artistry having actually more to do with acrobatics than intelligenoe, but which hypnotizes an audience. . Ill. Esrimarzp Maanirupz or Propacanpa Menta Urtiiexp OSCOW In those countries having a powerful 8p aretus for direct Com- munist proselytism, the apparatus of pi lel and crypto~-Communist. organizations is roughly equal in size. Where the Party is weak or nonexistent the parallel apparatus remains very large. Considering the fact that undercover corruption is the most expensive, it can becon- cluded that the worldwide crypto-Communist, propagands apparatus employs some 300,000 People and costs $1.5 billion a year. ing the cost of direct Communist propaganda abroad, and the propsganda effort directed at foreigners—residents and visitors—with- in Communist bloc, consisting of guided tours, radio broadcasts, and special schools, it can be roughly estimated that the total of all types of propaganda, worldwide, involves some half million personnel and an annual expenditure of approximately $2 billion. This effort is aimed at the some 1 billion people outside the Com- munist bloc; thus it may be said that Moscow, with some participation yy Peiping, spends $2 a year for every free man it intends to subjugate. ‘o grasp the magnitude of Moscow’s political warfare against us, a committee of the U.S. Senate has estimated that the equivalent amount allotted annually by the United States to worldwide prop- aganda is 1% cents per n. With the addition of budgetary provisions for this purpose by all other free nations, the total amounts to almost 2 cents. The Soviet propaganda effort is thus roughly 100 times as great as that of the entire free world; so it is a phenomenon having an entirely different nature. One essential truth about communism must never be forgotten: the size, type, and scope of its open and furtive prop- aganda apparatus is unique in human history. = ib ih a iad aie bb ane aes a i Te) ee Se a oa